In "When Affirmative Action Was White," Ira Katznelson argues that mid-20th-century American social policies deliberately excluded Black citizens, creating a "white affirmative action" that fueled the racial wealth gap. Key programs like the Social Security Act and the GI Bill were structured to favor white beneficiaries, establishing a legacy of inequality that requires corrective justice. Read a summary of the work at PRRAC.org .

When Affirmative Action | Was White: An Untold Hi...

In "When Affirmative Action Was White," Ira Katznelson argues that mid-20th-century American social policies deliberately excluded Black citizens, creating a "white affirmative action" that fueled the racial wealth gap. Key programs like the Social Security Act and the GI Bill were structured to favor white beneficiaries, establishing a legacy of inequality that requires corrective justice. Read a summary of the work at PRRAC.org .