Used before word-initial vowels or in compound words starting with a vowel (e.g., Verein [fɛɐ̯ˈʔaɪn]).
Einführung in die Phonetik und Phonologie des Deutschen offers a free electronic textbook format for self-study. Phonetische Transkription des Deutschen
Phonetische Transkription des Deutschen: Ein Arbeitsbuch is a standard reference with audio examples and exercises. Used before word-initial vowels or in compound words
[aː], [a], [eː], [ɛ], [iː], [ɪ], [oː], [ɔ], [uː], [ʊ], [yː], [ʏ], [øː], [œ]. Phonetische Transkription des Deutschen
The unstressed [ə] (as in bitt e ) and the vocalized [ɐ] (as in Wass er ). 4. Key Rules and Notations
Voiced plosives and fricatives become voiceless at the end of a word or syllable (e.g., Bad is pronounced [baːt]). 5. Advanced Transcription Systems