: Published in Bulletin of Hispanic Studies , this abstract delves into the film's "relativeization of time" and the Freudian concept of "day residue," arguing that nearly the entire film can be interpreted as a dream or nightmare.
: Critics note Amenábar’s homage to Alfred Hitchcock, specifically Vertigo , in how identities merge and obsession drives the plot. The Forking Paths of Open Your Eyes and Vanilla Sky
: This comparative paper from Rupkatha Journal applies the "forking paths" concept to both the original and its American remake, Vanilla Sky . It explores how the film constructs multiple levels of reality through cryogenics and virtual reality.