: Released in 2012, this version switched from the CE kernel to the Windows NT kernel (the same as desktop Windows), but famously left early adopters behind by not allowing older WP7 devices to upgrade. The Final Chapter: Windows 10 Mobile (2015–2020)
Before modern smartphones, Microsoft established a foundation with in 1996, designed for tiny "handheld PCs". This evolved into Pocket PC 2000 and eventually Windows Mobile in 2003, which successfully mirrored the desktop Windows experience with a Start menu, File Explorer, and stylus-driven navigation. By 2007, Microsoft held a 60 percent market share in the U.S. smartphone market, catering primarily to business professionals who needed portable versions of Office and Outlook. The Reinvention: Windows Phone 7 & 8 (2010–2014) Microsoft Windows 10 Mobile and Microsoft Windo...
In 2015, Microsoft attempted its most ambitious unification yet with . : Released in 2012, this version switched from
: It introduced the "Metro" UI, featuring vibrant Live Tiles that updated in real-time. Reviewers from The Verge called it the most original reimagining of a smartphone after the iPhone. By 2007, Microsoft held a 60 percent market share in the U
The 2007 launch of the iPhone rendered the stylus-based Windows Mobile obsolete almost overnight. In response, Microsoft completely scrapped its old code to launch in 2010.
: In 2011, Microsoft partnered with Nokia, leading to iconic hardware like the Lumia series. Microsoft later acquired Nokia's handset division for over $7 billion in 2013.