1773-1948: Kabul: A History

: The first steps toward industrialization began with the establishment of the Mashin Khana (workshop/factory) in Kabul, which produced both armaments and everyday goods. 4. Reform, Reaction, and Independence (1919–1929)

Following the brief and chaotic rule of Habibullah Kalakani, the Musahiban dynasty (beginning with Nadir Shah) restored order. Kabul: A History 1773-1948

The reign of King Amanullah Khan following the Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919) brought radical westernization. : The first steps toward industrialization began with