Istoria Biserici Ortodoxe 【2025-2026】

🏛️ Foundational Paper Text: The History of the Orthodox Church The Apostolic Foundation

Moscow as the "Third Rome" and the expansion of the Russian Church. Istoria Biserici Ortodoxe

As the Byzantine Empire fell, Russia emerged as a powerhouse of Orthodoxy. Moscow began to view itself as the "Third Rome," inheriting the mantle of the protector of the faith. The Rise of National Churches 🏛️ Foundational Paper Text: The History of the

Definition of Orthodoxy and its claim to apostolic succession. Istoria Biserici Ortodoxe

was strictly defended at the Seventh Council (787 AD), cementing visual art as a core component of Orthodox theology and worship. The Great Schism of 1054

was established during this time, defining the nature of the Holy Trinity.

Cultural and theological drifts between Rome and Constantinople.