International Taxation -

: Countries tax their residents on worldwide income , regardless of where it is earned.

: Some countries use a territorial system , exempting certain foreign-source income from domestic tax entirely. Transfer Pricing : INTERNATIONAL TAXATION

: Allow taxpayers to reduce their domestic tax liability by the amount of taxes paid to a foreign government. : Countries tax their residents on worldwide income

UN Model Tax Convention : Provides more taxing rights to "source" (developing) countries. : INTERNATIONAL TAXATION

: Requires transactions between related entities (e.g., a parent company and its foreign subsidiary) to be priced as if they were between independent parties to prevent profit shifting. Key Instruments & Models