Ihl -

: Only those measures necessary to achieve a legitimate military purpose are permitted.

: An attack is prohibited if the incidental loss of life or damage to civilian property is excessive in relation to the concrete military advantage anticipated. : Only those measures necessary to achieve a

: It limits the means (weapons used) and methods (tactics employed) of warfare to minimize unnecessary suffering. : Crucially, IHL is distinct from jus ad

: Crucially, IHL is distinct from jus ad bellum , which governs the legality of going to war in the first place; IHL ( jus in bello ) applies once a conflict has started, regardless of its cause. 2. The Four Fundamental Pillars : It safeguards civilians and those hors de

IHL is a branch of public international law that regulates the conduct of hostilities and protects persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in combat.

: It safeguards civilians and those hors de combat (out of the fight), such as the wounded, sick, and prisoners of war.