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: While low doses (less than 10 ppb) typical of seed-treated crops did not immediately kill queens, higher doses (20 ppb to 100 ppb) commonly found in ornamental plants and certain spray-treated crops significantly increased queen mortality by the end of the study.

The document you are referring to, , is a scientific study published in PLoS ONE titled Chronic Exposure of Imidacloprid and Clothianidin Reduce Queen Survival, Foraging, and Nectar Storing in Colonies of Bombus impatiens. Download 91573 plus pdf

: Argue for more stringent regulations on neonicotinoids in landscape and ornamental plants where residue levels often exceed safety thresholds for pollinators. : While low doses (less than 10 ppb)

Compare the survival rates of queens across different dosage groups. Download 91573 plus pdf