The song's title translates to "Woman from Guantánamo," but its depth comes from its poetic origins.

For many, the song became an emotional touchstone for the Cuban diaspora. Having left Cuba in 1960 and never being allowed to return—even for her mother's funeral—Cruz used "Guantanamera" in concert to evoke deep nostalgia and solidarity among those who missed their homeland.

Cruz recorded the song numerous times throughout her career. Her earliest commercial recording was on the Tico Records label in 1968. It eventually appeared on over 240 of her records and compilations.