Despite its breadth, several unifying concepts govern all biological research:

: All living things must capture and transform energy to survive—whether through photosynthesis in plants or consumption in animals. They must also maintain homeostasis , a stable internal environment despite external changes. Major Branches of Biology

: Information is passed from one generation to the next through DNA and RNA. This universal genetic code acts as a blueprint for an organism's structure and function.

The field is categorized into numerous specialized disciplines, each focusing on different aspects of life: Why Study Biology & Why is Biology Important?

: Evolution explains both the unity and the incredible diversity of life on Earth. Through natural selection, organisms develop adaptations that improve their chances of survival and reproduction.

: The cell is the fundamental unit of all living things. Some organisms, like bacteria, consist of a single cell, while others, like humans, are made of trillions.